Tim Bunnik
senior researcher
Research & Development
Waves & Motions
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Expertise areas
Publications
Paper
Hydrodynamic analysis of a 2MW offshore floating solar farm with breakwater protection
23 Jun 2025
Within the EU project SUREWAVE a new concept for the upscaling of Floating PhotoVoltaics (FPV) to offshore environments is developed. The new ...
Paper
Wave Basin Tests of a Multi-Body Floating PV System Sheltered by a Floating Breakwater
26 Apr 2024
The development of floating photovoltaic systems (FPV) for coastal and offshore locations requires a solid understanding of a design’s hydrodynamic ...
Paper
Experimental modeling of water-wave interactions with a flexible beam
11 Jun 2023
A series of fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) experiments is presented for studying water-wave interactions with a flexible beam in a wide range of ...
Paper
A systematic approach for developing a numerical wavetank to simulate driven shallow-and deep-water waves
11 Jun 2023
Numerical models of wavetanks for nonlinear waves driven by waveflap/piston wavemakers are developed. Variational principles (VPs) for the ...
Paper
Validation of CFD simulations of the moored DeepCwind offshore wind semisubmersible in irregular waves
15 Sep 2022
This article examines the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to predict the response of a floating wind platform to ...
Paper
Hydro-Elastic Behavior of an Inflatable Mattress in Waves
10 Jul 2022
The wave induced motion response of an inflatable mattress has been studied by wave basin experiments and numerical simulations. The floater of ...
Paper
Statistical Variation Of The 3-Hour Maximum Crest Height in a Survival Sea State
5 Jun 2022
Due to the random nature of extreme waves, wave impacts follow a highly stochastic pattern. To reduce the statistical uncertainties that are ...
Paper
Urans predictions of drift loads on a semi submersible in steep waves
5 Jun 2022
The last decade, many semi-submersible designs have been tested in MARIN’s wave basins as a result of recently modified classification society ...
Paper
Linking Experimental and Numerical Wave Modelling
13 Mar 2020
Experimental or numerical analysis of the response of ships and other floating structures starts with correct environmental modelling. The ...
Magazine
Screening for extreme wave events
21 Jan 2020
Extreme waves can have significant consequences for ships and offshore structures at sea. When hit by a wave local damage may occur, personnel may ...
Paper
Optimization of Wave Induced Motions and Forces on a Floating Island
14 Jun 2019
Floating mega islands can provide an attractive solution for creating temporal or more permanent space in coastal areas with a high demand for real ...
Paper
Efficient indicators for screening of random waves for wave impacts on a jacket platform & a fixed offshore wind turbine
9 Jun 2019
Renewed interest in wave impact assessment has risen for various reasons: The low airgap of some existing Mobile Units in the North Sea The COSL ...
Paper
On the wave induced motions of a floating mega island
22 Apr 2019
Floating mega islands can provide an attractive solution for creating temporal or more permanent space in coastal areas with a high demand for real ...
Paper
Towards guidelines for consistent wave propagation in CFD simulations
22 Jun 2018
Accurate prediction of structures and vessels motion at sea is critical to guarantee the safety and comfort of passengers on board, but also to ...
Paper
Using Nonlinear Wave Kinematics to Estimate the Loads on Offshore Wind Turbines in 3-Hour Sea States
17 Jun 2018
The effects of operational wave loads and wind loads on offshore mono pile wind turbines are well understood. For most sites, however, the water ...
Paper
Model tests and numerical analysis for a floating mega island
17 Jun 2018
About 70% of the earth’s surface area is covered with water. Due to the sea level rise and increasing population in coastal areas we need to use our ...
Paper
Useful Indicators for Screening of Sea States for Wave Impacts on Fixed and Floating Platforms
17 Jun 2018
Design approaches for wave impact on marine structures in storm sea-states are being reconsidered due to events related to the safety of North Sea ...
Paper
Simulation of wave impacts at belwind offshore wind farm and comparison with full-scale measurements
25 Jun 2017
Reading time 3 minutes
The effects of operational wave loads and wind loads on offshore monopile wind turbines are well understood. For most sites, however, the water ...
Magazine
Joining forces to capture extreme loads
21 Apr 2017
Reading time 3 minutes
The possible occurrence of negative air gaps on offshore structures in storm conditions has recently attracted significant attention. A new JIP ...
Paper
Validation of CFD for a deterministic breaking wave impact on a semi submersible
3 Oct 2016
For structural design, prediction of run-up, green water and impact loads have to be taken into account, to assure the integrity and safety of ...
Paper
Numerical Simulation Of Nonlinear Free Surface Water Waves - Coupling Of A Potential Flow Solver To A URANS/VoF Code
24 Jun 2016
Numerical simulation of free surface water waves using various wave models is studied. The performance of the wave models is compared in three test ...
Paper
Turbulence Modeling for Locally-Refined Free-Surface Flow Simulations in Offshore Applications
21 Jun 2015
To study extreme hydrodynamic wave impact in offshore and coastal engineering, the VOF-based CFD simulation tool ComFLOW is being developed. ...
Paper
Deterministic simulation of breaking wave impact and flexible response of a fixed offshore wind turbine
5 Jun 2015
The effects of operational wave loads and wind loads on offshore mono pile wind turbines are well understood. For most sites, however, the water ...
Paper
A Simulation Approach for Large Relative Motions of Multi-body Offshore Operations in Waves
8 Jun 2014
The traditional approach to simulate offshore multi-body operations in waves is to carry out a potential-flow based linear diffraction analysis in ...
Paper
Minimizing basin effects for accurate testing of ship motions in waves
1 Oct 2012
This paper investigates the quality of waves in a square wave basin and methods to improve this. By using a linear diffraction potential-flow model ...
Magazine
Enforcing wave impact research
20 Apr 2012
Reading time 6 minutes
Together with the industry, MARIN is working on several projects to investigate problems related to wave impacts. Here, we highlight three Joint ...
Paper
Reducing Added Resistance of Ships in Waves
10 Oct 2011
The application of new Rankine Source methods to quantify the hydrodynamic characteristics of ships also shapes the perception of added resistance ...
Paper
Viscous Flow Effects Of Passing Ships In Ports
20 Jun 2011
This paper presents a method to compute the effect of passing ships on moored ships. The method is in principle based on the method originally ...
Paper
A Practical Method to Determine the Effect of Current on Wave Loads and Motions of Offshore Structures
19 Jun 2011
In this paper a linear diffraction method is presented which is able to determine accurately and fast the effect of current on motions of, and ...
Paper
On the modeling of passing ship effects
22 Apr 2011
This paper presents a method to compute the effect of passing ships on moored ships. The method is in principle based on the method originally ...
Paper
A comparative study on state-of-the-art prediction tools for seakeeping
14 Sep 2010
An accurate prediction of the seakeeping behavior of ships is important for both their design and operation. The following issues play a role: Wave ...
Paper
Modelling The Effect Of Sloshing On Ship Motions
6 Jun 2010
Ships with partially filled liquid tanks, such as LNG carriers or FPSOs, are sensitive to sloshing in case they are exposed to waves. The effect of ...
Paper
Hydrodynamic analysis for side-by-side offloading
21 Jul 2009
In this paper a comparison between model basin experiments and results of linear diffraction computations on side-by-side moored LNG carriers is ...
Paper
Prediction of Extreme Wave Loads in Focused Wave Groups
6 Jul 2008
The Volume of Fluid (VoF) method is a promising tool to predict extreme wave loads on fixed and floating offshore structures. The VoF method ...
Magazine
Computational Fluid Dynamics now applied to offshore structures
1 Apr 2008
Reading time 3 minutes
MARIN has applied and developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for several decades in the field of ship resistance and propulsion but now the ...
Paper
Large scale LNG Sloshing Model Tests
1 Jul 2007
The motion of the LNG fluid inside gas carriers is normally restricted by the loading condition of the vessel, i.e. the vessel is operated at either ...
Paper
Numerical Simulation of Sloshing in LNG Tanks With a Compressible Two-Phase Model
10 Jun 2007
The study of liquid dynamics in LNG tanks is getting more and more important with the actual trend of LNG tankers sailing with partially filled ...
Paper
Free-Surface Flow Modelling with Interface Capturing Techniques
1 Jun 2007
MARIN, HSVA and TUHH are jointly developing the RANS-code FRESCO. The freesurface modelling part of the code is based on interface capturing. ...
Paper
Extreme Wave Effects on Deepwater Floating Structures
1 May 2007
Extreme waves can lead to damage to floating offshore structure as a result of airgap problems, greenwater on the deck or slamming to the hull. As ...
Magazine
MARIN's next top models
1 Apr 2007
Reading time 3 minutes
MARIN is continuously developing modelling techniques to assist clients in optimising their DP configurations. Two examples of recent projects are ...
Paper
Extreme Wave Effects on Deep Water TLPs - Lessons Learned from the Snorre A Model Tests
1 Nov 2006
In the last few years there has been an increasing focus within the shipping and offshore industry on extreme wave events and abnormal wave ...
Paper
The Use of a Volume Of Fluid (VOF) Method Coupled to a Time Domain Motion Simulation to Calculate the Motions of a Subsea Structure Lifted Through The Splash Zone
4 Jun 2006
Existing simulation methods are not able to determine in detail the wave loads on and the motions of a complex subsea structure when it is passing ...
Paper
Identification of Quadratic Responses of Floating Structures in Waves
28 May 2006
A formulation for the estimation of the low frequency damping and the quadratic wave drift force transfer function will be presented in this paper. ...
Paper
A New Method to Optimise the Operability of Deepwater Offloading Operations
8 Nov 2005
In 2005 the Joint Industry Project 'Offloading Operability will be completed. Within this project, a tool is developed for the simulation of ...
Paper
Validation of an Analytical Method to Calculate Wave Setdown on Current
12 Jun 2005
This paper describes an analytical model to calculate the setdown in waves with and without current. This model is based on a second order quadratic ...
Magazine
Offloading of LNG increasing demand for LIFSIM program
1 Apr 2005
Reading time 6 minutes
Traditionally the MARIN program LIFSIM has been used extensively by the Offshore Department to assist clients in the design and evaluation of their ...
Paper
Simulation of the Dynamic Motions of Complex Sub-Sea structures in the Splash Zone During Deepwater Installations
1 Jan 2005
Existing simulation methods are not able to determine in detail the wave loads on and the motions of a complex subsea structure when it is passing ...
Paper
The Numerical Simulation of Green Water Loading Including Vessel Motions and the Incoming Wave Field
1 Jan 2005
This paper presents results from simulation of green water loading including vessel motions. The simulation is performed through a domain ...
Paper
Validation of Wave Propagation in Numerical Wave Tanks
1 Jan 2005
During the last few years there has been a strong growth in the availability and capabilities of numerical wave tanks. In order to assess the ...
Paper
Low Frequency Motions of LNG carriers Moored in Shallow Water
1 Jun 2004
With the LNG market booming, the need for reliable and safe means of transferring LNG from a producing, floating facility to an LNG carrier and from ...
Paper
Coupled Mooring Analysis for a Deep Water CALM Buoy
1 Jun 2004
The effect of the mooring loads on floater motions can be significant for small water plane area floaters like CALM buoys. Not only does the mooring ...
Paper
Experimental Investigation of Subsea Structures during Installation and the Related Wave Loads Added Mass and Damping
23 May 2004
This paper presents experiments focussing on the wave loads, added mass and damping of a subsea structure in the splash zone. Two series of tests ...
Paper
Numerical Prediction of Wave Loads on Subsea Structures in the Splash Zone
23 May 2004
Existing simulation methods are not able to determine in detail the wave loads on a complex sub-sea structure when it is passing through the splash ...
Magazine
Snorre TLP Successful safety assessment
1 Mar 2004
Reading time 3 minutes
The Snorre Tension Leg Platform (TLP) has been operating successfully in the North Sea, offshore Norway, since
1992. Engineered by Aker Kvaerner and ...
Magazine
LNG SPM model tests for SBM
1 Dec 2003
Reading time 2 minutes
In 2003 MARIN carried out an extensive series of model tests to investigate the performance of the SYMO (Soft Yoke Mooring and Offloading) system ...
Paper
A New Simulation Method for the Installation of Subsea Structures from the Splash Zone to the Ultra Deep
19 Nov 2003
Existing simulation methods are not able to determine in detail the wave loads on a complex subsea structure when it is passing through the splash ...
Magazine
JIP finds shielding effects have significant impact
1 Sep 2003
Reading time 3 minutes
As the first phase of the offloading operability JIP nears conclusion, Report outlines the findings so far.
Magazine
MARIN gets ART-ful in search for innovation
1 Apr 2003
Reading time 2 minutes
The search for oil in deep water keeps leading to new innovative ideas for the support of export risers. One such innovation has been developed by ...
Paper
Prediction of Green Water and Wave Loading Using a Navier-Stokes Based Simulation Tool
23 Jun 2002
Results of computer simulation of wave and green water loading on floating offshore structures are presented. The simulation program used is a CFD ...
Magazine
MARIN helps improve CALM buoy design
1 Apr 2002
Reading time 3 minutes
As the deepwater CALM buoy becomes a common solution for offloading from spread moored West of Africa FPSOs, MARIN is carrying out an increasing ...
Paper
Coupled Mooring Analysis in Large Scale Model Tests on a Deepwater CALM Buoy in Mild Wave Conditions
1 Jan 2002
This paper describes a series of model tests aimed at gaining insight in the tension variations in the export risers and mooring lines of a CALM ...
Paper
A Numerical Study on Wave Run Up on an FPSO Bow
3 Jun 2001
In this paper results are presented of numerical simulations of a wedge that penetrates the water surface. An extensive test series was carried out ...
Thesis
Seakeeping Calculations for Ships, taking into Account the Non-linear Steady Waves
1 Nov 1999
A ship sailing at sea experiences a resistance due to its forward speed and incoming waves, which must be balanced by the propulsive power of the ...
